In this research, in order to investigate the effect of the piezoelectric patch which is used as a sensor or actuator in rotating flexible structures such as a helicopter blade, the free vibrations of the rotating rectangular sheet with and without the piezoelectric patch have been presented. First-order shear deformation theory is considered for plate displacement and piezoelectric field. Considering the effect of Coriolis acceleration, centrifugal acceleration and centrifugal in-plane forces, the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle and the electromechanical couple equation is obtained from Maxwell's equation. For piezoelectric, two electrical conditions, open circuit and closed circuit, which are used in sensors and actuators, respectively, have been considered. The equations are discretized with the help of the numerical method of generalized differential squares and the matrices of inertia mass, eccentricity, Coriolis and stiffness matrix are obtained. Natural frequency values for beam and rotating plate have been compared in Abaqus software. Also, the values obtained from the numerical solution in MATLAB have been verified with articles and ABAQUS, which have high accuracy. The effect of parameters such as hub radius, rotation speed, sheet thickness, aspect ratio, piezoelectric patch thickness and applied voltage on the natural frequency of the system has also been investigated.

This study deals with Iranian business cycles and analysis of their causes. In this study the time series of variables consisting national income and the other influential variables in creating business cycles have been used and all the data with annual frequency are considered as logarithmic and the fixed price of 1997. The period of study is between 1971 and 2007. In other to extract the business cycles, the statistic at method of Hodrick-Prescott Filter (HP) was used and the Business Cycles Indicators of lag. Lead and coincident variables were recognized. After wards, the lead variable were analyzed based on linear regression model of business cycles and also on the advanced econometric method called generalized method of moment (GMM), and the contribution of each above variables were determined in creating fluctuations of real gross domestic product (GDP). The estimated coefficients showed that the oil & gas export variables have a positive impact and the oil price variable has had negative impact on business cycles in Iran.

In this study, the effect of financial development has examined on energy consumption by using the generalized method of moment (GMM) in two groups of developing countries during 1993-2011 period. The first group includes 14 oil-producing developing countries and the second group includes 19 non-oil-producing developing countries. For each group of countries, two separate models were estimated, the first model by using banking sector variable, and the second model estimated by using capital market variable. The results showed that, GDP per capita in the non-oil-producing countries compared with oil-producing countries has a greater positive effect on per capita consumption of energy. The oil-producing price variable compared with the Non-Oil- Producing developing countries has a greater negative effect on per capita consumption of energy. The ratio of domestic credit variable to private sector (% of GDP) in non-oil producing developing countries 0.02% and in oil-producing developing countries is 0.009 percent .Comparison of the effects of domestic bank credit variable to the private sector (as a percentage of GDP) on per capita consumption of energy in the two groups of countries reflects the higher efficiency of the banking sector in the non-oil-producing countries .On the other hand, variable rate of turnover of shares traded in the non-oil producing developing countries is -0.003 percent and in oil-producing developing countries is -0.009 percent .Statistical analysis of the variable of capital market of shares traded in both developing oil-producing and non-oil-producing developing countries also shows that the effect of capital market development in energy consumption in oilproducing developing countries is more negative and smaller than the non-oil-producing developing countries.

Introduction: Development is a main goal for governments. The development process is influenced by several factors. Countries at different stages of development have different cost structures. This study aimed to determine the impact of government consumption and investment expenditures on human development index (HDI).methods: This was an analytic-retrospective study. Based on available data, we included the data of 119 countries from 2000 to 2006. We used a checklist to collect data from valid international websites. Using Eviews software, the regressions were estimated by generalized method of moments (GMM). To confirm the results, we used the Sargan and Wald tests.Results: Initial levels of development showed positive relationship between government expenditures and the HDI. In more than certain levels (optimum level), there was negative relationship between the government consumption expenditures with the HDI. This finding was contrary in countries with low GDP per-capita. Elasticity of consumer expenditures to the HDI for both groups of countries with high and low GDP per-capita was higher than investment expenditures.Conclusion: In the early stages of development, increasing consumer expenditures result in improving the HDI. However, in the late stages of development, countries need to invest in the infrastructure to change their HDI rank.

Surely one of the most important topics for financial economists is to identify the relationship between profitability and corporate financing decisions or capital structure. Optimal capital structures will maximum value of the company and should minimum cost of capital. Financial economics are always in challenge to achieve optimal capital structure and maximum profitability. This research analyzes the relationship between capital structure and profitability of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) based on generalized method of moment (GMM) panel approach. In this research we use financial statements (balance sheet and profit and loss account) of selected companies that listed in TSE during the five year period (2006 to 2011) as balanced panel data set.In order to test the hypothesis, first we use pooled regression to determinant the relationship between capital structure and profitability. Then we use panel data set to achieve more efficient estimation. After employing chow and hasman test, we selected fixed effect panel data model.Our results from linear mood suggest that the relationship between leverage and market structure isnegativedue to the complex interaction of market conditions and Problems based on debt financing (in terms of rate of intake facilities and profitability of projects) in the companies. Our evidence shows that Tehran listed companies are generally more subjected to Pecking order theory that means profitable companies tend to use internal financing than debt financing.Finally, we employed GMM method to reach on more efficient result and accounts for unobservable firm-specific characteristics and endogeneity problems. The results show a saucer-shaped (U shape) relationship between capital structure and profitability and also combined interpretation of theories in three stages (low, average and high profitability) is more efficient

The phenomenon of unemployment is one of the major socio-economic problems that is directly and indirectly affected by the way of governance. Since the mid-1990s, under the influence of the development of new institutionalism literature and the recommendations of international institutions, governance and its components were considered as main deteminants of development strategy of countries and controlling the unemployment rate. According to the theory of new institutionalism, corruption is the main cause of unemployment and many economic problems of countries. The main aim of this research is to investigate the dynamic relationship between corruption and unemployment in OPEC member states for the period from 2005 to 2019. For this purpose, the generalized moment method (SGMM) is used in this research. The results indicate that corruption control can play an effective role in reducing the unemployment rate. Also, the political stability has a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate; In the sense that the reduction of political instabilities and more governance control over political events can lead to a reduction in the unemployment rate in OPEC member states.

Air pollution is one of the major issues is the use of fossil fuels. Air pollution in different ways harmful effects of long-term، short-term، devastating and sometimes irreversible in humans، animals and plants life. Air pollution leads to increased heart disease، breathing، decreased vision، warming، acidification، etc. One of the problems of air pollution. Air pollution threatens the survival and health of organisms، including humans. After the industrial revolution because of advances in technology، industry، air pollution is increasing globally shared. A wave of public attention to environmental issues took place in the early seventies and was a major focus of this attention to industrial pollution. Although in some countries by means of investments and new technologies have made huge advances in the control of infections such as urban pollution، but these countries are facing serious challenges. Green Belt is an effective tool for reducing air pollution. Economy in various aspects of production and consumption of natural resources and the environment associated. In order to further expand production growth reflects the contradictions in economic growth and pollution. If the experience of many developed countries suggests that، if properly trodden path of economic growth، then there is not only a contradiction، but growth will improve the environmental situation. The environment and the issues it is one of the most important issues of this century. In the 1970s and 1980s with the rise in oil prices and the crisis of petroleum، natural resources and fossil fuels were considered and resulted in developed countries، in addition to the effects of growth determinants of economic growth، pay attention. On the one hand fossil-fuel، the main inputs and the use of these fuels، causing damage to the environment. The main objective when countries achieve higher economic growth and environmental pollution caused by economic activity، has become a controversial topic. Industrial development has led to greater use of fossil fuels. According to many ecologists، in the coming decades because of global greenhouse gas emissions، the planet will face severe environmental crises. Ruttan (1993)، three waves raised in relation to resources and the environment. The first wave came in the late 1940s and early 1950s، which was important as the relationship between resources and economic development. The second wave of the late 1960s and early 1970s and the scarcity of natural resources and pollution of the growth cycle، which leads to growth restriction، warned that resulted in sharp contrast to the demand for environmental services. With the argue of growth restriction in 1972 by the Club of Rome، Ruttan in the mid-1980s، the third wave of environmental quality and global change، food production، human health posed for generations. Theory of growth restriction، the reasons were discussed. Resource estimates were much higher than the current store and the advancement of technology and improved access to resources. Ecologists view natural system as assets that serve as reservoirs of energy and materials and have been included in market and see that environmental quality has not been included in market transaction and thus been undervalued and under prvide. Materials& methods: Crude oil consumption data from site Energy Information Administration (EIA) and data carbon dioxide emissions، trade، GDP has been taken from the World Bank. Crude oil consumption on the carbon dioxide emissions in the OPEC member countries following models from Shahbaz and others (2014) and Al-mulali and others(2014) have been used. LCOit = β 0i+ β 1i LCOit-1 +β 2i LOILit+β 3iLTRADit+β 4iLGDPit+Uit In the above equation (LOIL) represents the log of crude oil per million liters، (LTRADE) logarithm of trade openness and GDP is real GDP constant prise2005 year. Because of its dynamics، there are lags in the independent variables and the object under study and contaminants from period to period، after remaining stable and effective over the next period، the model estimate based on dynamic estimators and generalized method of moments Used. Because of its dynamics، each of the other models، there is a failure that results in generalized method of moments can be reduced. After determining the method of estimating the parameters، results of model estimation using the software used Stata 12. GMM estimator adapted to the validity of the assumption of no serial correlation error terms and tools that can be influenced by two tests stipulated by Arellano and Bond (1991)، Arellano and belief (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998) tested. The first is pre-determined restrictions Sargan test the validity of the test instruments. The latter statistic is that there is a second-order serial correlation in the errors perused the test the first differences. Failure to reject the null hypothesis both tests if there is no evidence of serial correlation and provides a valid tool. GMM estimator is consistent if second-order serial correlation in the error terms of first-order differential equation does not exist. Factors that may result in the use of GMM، include: a) the existence Regresses endogenous model of endogenous regresor in the model variable that is correlated with the error term. B) the correlation between the fixed effects such as geographic and demographic factors with explanatory variables. C) the availability of short period of time and a lot of school. the variance anisotropy as one of the factors the necessity of using GMM knew. Discussion of Results & Conclusions: In recent years، greenhouse gases that cause air pollution and global climate change have been the focus of international attention. Estimates indicate a significant positive relationship between the consumption of crude oil equation، GDP and trade with emissions of carbon dioxide، respectively. Stuck variable logarithm of carbon emissions، a significant and positive impact on carbon emissions log shows that the last period with an increase in carbon emissions، increase carbon emissions for the next period. Carbon dioxide gas released in a period up to the end of the period is not fully absorbed and some of it remains in the environment for storage and influence the next period. Interruption LCOt-1 in the model according to research Rein and others (2014) and Manaji and others (2009). According to the results، a positive coefficient of the logarithm of GDP per capita، representing increasing levels of pollution emitted per unit increase in GDP per capita; in other words، economic growth is associated with the occurrence and severity of infection. Trade has been a positive effect on carbon emissions. According to various studies the effect of trade on pollution is ambiguous. According to Ang (2009) and Halicioglu(2008) the positive effect of openness on carbon dioxide emissions was approved. On the other hand Jalil and Mahmoud (2009) showed a negative relationship between these two variables. Increasing trade emissions can be effective in two ways. 1) through increased emissions from international shipping. 2) through the transfer of the importing country to the exporting country، causing pollution while increasing production in exporting countries، the possibility of increasing pollution in these countries followed. Trade because access to newer technology can reduce the pollution.

About a quarter of different types of energy consumed annually are in the transportation sector in Iran. Gasoline and diesel are the most important source of energy consumed in this sector. This study uses the generalized method of moments (GMM) to evaluate the main factors affecting the gasoline and diesel for the transportation sector in different provinces in Iran during 2006-2014. The evaluated factors are per capita income, the price of gasoline and diesel, per capita changes in gas and diesel cars stocks, and provincial urban bus fleets. The results show that the per capita gasoline and diesel consumed relative to the price changes in the short runare low elastic. The short-run price elasticity of gasoline is 0. 14, the short-run price elasticity of diesel is 0. 13; while the elasticity of income for gasoline and diesel is about 0. 3 in both main models. An increase in per capita stock of gasoline cars has a positive effect on per capita gasoline and diesel consumption, while the per capita increase in diesel cars stock capacity has a negative impact on the per capita consumption of gasoline and diesel. The results also indicate that the urban bus fleet has not had an impact on fuel consumption per head. Based on the results of this study, the goal of a change in fuel consumption should be on people's per capita income, leading to reduced consumption and behavioral change.

In this paper, we considered a Bayesian hierarchical method using the hyper product inverse moment prior in the ultrahigh-dimensional generalized linear model (UDGLM), that was useful in the Bayesian variable selection. We showed the posterior probabilities of the true model converge to 1 as the sample size increases. For computing the posterior probabilities, we implemented the Laplace approximation. The Simpli ed Shotgun Stochastic Search with Screening (S5) procedure for generalized linear model was suggested for exploring the posterior space. Simulation studies and real data analysis using the Bayesian ultrahigh-dimensional generalized linear model indicate that the proposed method had better performance than the previous models. Keywords: Ultrahigh dimensional; Nonlocal prior; Optimal